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托福阅读1000词-第34部分
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镏硎笛橹杏龅降奈侍狻�
2。 Support and encouragement were necessary to cope with aspects of their professional life with which they were not comfortable。 在应对职业生涯中的不如意时,支持和鼓励是必要的。
3。 As some scientists believe; dinosaurs were warm…blooded and too incompetent to cope with the environment。 就像一些科学家认为的一样,恐龙是热血动物,而且太过无能,根本无法适应环境。
courtship['k?:r?ip]n。 求爱,追求;求爱期,追求期
例句 1。 The male riflebird exploits some modes of signaling in his courtship display。 公风鸟求偶的时候会利用一些信号模式。
2。 During courtship and aggressive displays; the turkey enlarges its colored neck collar and then flings about the colored signaling apparatus。 在求偶和争斗期间,火鸡颈部彩色的羽毛会蓬起来,不停地抖动。
credible['kred?bl]a。 可信的,可靠的
例句 The researcher found children believe that the characters who advertise breakfast cereals are knowledgeable about cereals; and children accept such characters as credible people of nutritional information。 研究人员发现,儿童相信为谷物早餐做广告的人很了解谷物,而且他们认为这些人是提供营养信息的可靠人选。
要点 托福阅读考试中还会考到credible表示“可信的,可靠的”的近义词,如believable。
debate[di'beit]n。/v。 辩论;讨论,争论
例句 There is much debate concerning whether Mars had water。 关于火星上是否有水这个话题,人们争论不休。
同义 argue(n。/v。 辩论);discuss; dispute(n。/v。 讨论,争论)
delay[di'lei]n。/v。 耽搁,延迟
搭配 time delay 延时
例句 1。 The government's decision to adopt delaying statics was condemned by the public。 政府决定采取拖延战术,这受到了公众的谴责。
2。 The measures should be taken immediately without delay。 必须立即采取措施,不得延误。
同义 postpone(v。 耽搁,延迟)
deliberate[di'lib?r?t]a。 审慎的;蓄意的;深思熟虑的[di'lib?reit]v。 商讨
例句 It seems reasonable that this feat was achieved by deliberate colonization expeditions that set out fully stocked with food; domesticated plants and animals。 通过精心策划的殖民探险在出发时满载着食物、种植的植物和家畜,因此他们能取得丰功伟绩似乎在情理之中。
要点 deliberate在托福阅读中通常用它的形容词词义,相当于careful或者cogitative。
depart[di'pɑ:rt]v。 离开;背离
例句 Some musicians consciously depart from strict meter to create a relaxed sense of phrasing。 一些音乐家有意摆脱严格的韵律,试图创造一种轻松的编曲方式。
同义 leave; exit(v。 离开)
dependence[di'pend?ns]n。 依靠,依赖;信任
例句 1。 The automatic; metabolic system may have more dependence on air exchanges。 自动生成的代谢系统可能会更加依赖空气的交流。
2。 The mobility of pastoralist societies reflects their dependence on animal…based foods。 游牧民族的移动性反映了他们对动物性食物的依赖。
派生 dependent(a。 依靠的,依赖的)
depression[di'pre?n]n。 忧愁;洼地;低气压;不景气
例句 Southern people obtained water by collecting and storing rainwater in sealed depressions。 南方人通过在封闭的洼地里蓄积雨水来获得水源。
要点 depression平时多用作“不景气,萧条;沮丧”等词义,但在托福阅读中也出现过这个单词作为“洼地”的用法。
deprive[di'praiv]v。 使失去,剥夺
搭配 deprive of 剥夺,失去
例句 1。 They have the same length as the daily activity cycles of animals that are not deprived of the influence of external environment。 他们与动物的日常活动周期相同,都受外部环境的影响。
2。 When deprived of water; this kind of flower will die soon。 这种花如果缺水,很快就会死去。
description[di'skrip?n]n。 描写,形容;种类;性质
例句 Maturation of the frontal lobes of the brain is important for the long…term memory of motor activities but it doesn't work for verbal descriptions。 大脑额叶的发育成熟对肌动活动的长期记忆很重要,但对言语表达不起作用。
desirable[di'zai?r?bl]a。 值得想望的;值得拥有的;有利的
例句 1。 The more sophisticated societies became; the better they could influence desirable occurrences through ritualized theater。 社会变得越是复杂,越是能通过仪式化的剧场表演影响着事件向所愿的方向发展。
2。 Streams flowed where nature intended them to and water…driven factories had to be built on the river banks whether or not the location was desirable for other reasons。 溪流所经之处由大自然而定,因此无论这个选址是否可取,水力工厂都必须建在河岸上。
diameter[dai'?mit?r]n。 直径
例句 1。 The negatively charged region is several hundred meters thick and several kilometers in diameter。 带负电的区域有几百米厚,直径有几千米。
2。 The channel is only a few centimeters in diameter; but it is wide enough for electrons to follow the channel to the ground。 这条通道的直径虽然仅有几公分,但它足以让电子通过通道到达地面。
3。 According to this hypothesis; Earth may collide with an asteroid with an estimated diameter of 10 kilometers。 根据这个假说,地球可能会与直径估计是10千米的小行星相撞。
disclaimer[dis'kleim?r]n。 免责声明;否认,拒绝
例句 They are asked to sign a disclaimer acknowledging the promising dangers of the activity。 他们被要求签署一份免责声明,承认他们知晓这一活动的潜在风险。
discover[di'sk?v?r]v。 发现;发觉
例句 1。 Before he discovered that the element was contained in natural gas on Earth; Ramsay found evidence of helium in the spectrum of sunlight。 在发现地球上的天然气含有氦元素之前,拉姆塞在太阳光谱中就发现了氦的迹象。
2。 The biologist who lived longtime in the Pacific Northwest discovered areas where deer had an increase in suitable browse。 那位长期居住在太平洋西北部的生物学家发现,在有适合的牧草的地区,鹿的数量有所增加。
disoriented[dis'?:rientid]a。 分不清方向或目标的;无判断力的
例句 1。 He hypothesized that birds orient themselves according to the Sun's position as caged birds become disoriented when the sky is overcast。 他认为鸟类是根据太阳的位置来定位的,因为阴云密布的时候笼中的鸟无法分清方向。
2。 The birds were disoriented and had trouble locating their food box on overcast days。 阴天,鸟类会失去方向感,在找到它们的食盒时也有困难。
要点 disoriented是disorient的过去分词,在托福阅读中比较常用,而动词disorient是“使失去方向感”的含义。
distribute[di'stribju:t]v。 分配;分类;分区
例句 The wind helps the flowers distribute their seeds and enables birds to find more food。 风不仅能帮助花儿传播种子,而且也让鸟儿有了更多的食物。
同义 scatter; spread(v。 散布)
disturbance[di'st?:rb?ns]n。 打扰;骚动;心神不安
例句 1。 They calmed down quickly after disturbances。 骚动之后,他们很快就恢复了平静。
2。 In the early twentieth century; the American ecologist pointed out that plant communities would develop after a disturbance such as volcanic eruption; heavy flood; or forest fire。 在20世纪早期,美国生态学家指出在诸如火山喷发、洪灾或森林火灾之类的干扰发生之后,植物群落会得以发展。
3。 Stability can be defined as the speed at which an ecosystem returns to a particular form following a major disturbance。 稳定性可定义为当一个生态系统经历巨大骚乱后,恢复到特定形式的速度。
同义 interference(n。 打扰);stir(n。 骚动)
divide[di'vaid]v。 分,分隔;分配 n。 分开;界限
搭配 divide into 把…分成;digital divide 数字鸿沟;divide the work 分工;divide by 除以,用…除;divide up 瓜分;分割;分配
例句 The substances that make up two groups of planets are divided into three groups: gases; rocks; and ices based on their melting points。 组成这两组行星的物质根据它们的熔点被划分成为三种:分别是气体、岩石和冰。
division[di'vi?n]n。 除;分配;部门
例句 1。 The international division of labor was well…suited to the development of some countries; that is a key factor in their success。 国际劳动分工很适合一些国家的发展,这也是这些国家获得成功的一个关键因素。
2。 All meteorites are assigned to three broad divisions on the basis of two kinds of material。 基于两种材料,所有的陨星一共被划分为三大类。
同义 partition(n。 划分)
drill[dril]v。 钻(孔),打眼;训练
例句 1。 Wells are drilled into the ground; when an oil pool or field has been discovered。 当油池或油塘被发现时,石油钻井会被打入地下。
2。 The first oil well was drilled by the retired railroad conductor — E。 L。 Drake。 第一口油井是由E·L·德雷克钻的,他是一名退休铁路列车长。
同义 bore(v。 打眼);practice(v。 训练)
due[du:]a。 到期的;应给的;应支付的
搭配 due to 由于;due date 到期日,支付日
例句 1。 Both the north and the south areas were lack of surface water probably due to the fact that most of it was used up for agricultural purposes。 南部和北部地区都缺乏地表水,很可能是因为大部分的地表水都被用于农业了。
2。 The changes of lake level must be due to the net difference between what seeps into the lake from the groundwater and what leaks into the groundwater。 湖面水位的改变一定是因为流入湖的地下水和渗透到地下水中的湖水之间存在净差。
3。 It becomes possible to judge whether a lake's flow is mainly due to its surface inputs and outputs or to its underground inputs and outputs; once all this information has been gathered。 一旦信息收集齐全,就可以判断湖水的流量主要取决于地表水的输入和输出,还是地下水的输入和输出。
duplicate['du:plikeit]v。 复写,复制['du:plik?t]a。 完全相同的 n。 复制品
搭配 duplicate a key 配钥匙;in duplicate 一式两份
例句 Skilled locksmiths can make duplicate keys from detailed source material。 技艺高超的锁匠能够根据一些详尽的原材料配出钥匙。
要点 duplicate本身可以作形容词,意为“完全相同的”;但它作动词时可以派生出另一个形容词,即duplicated“复制的”,托福阅读中考过该词的用法,与之意思相同的是copied。
durable['dur?bl]a。 持久的;耐用的
例句 1。 Snail and clam shells are durable and resist dissolving; but over time they slowly begin to change。 蜗牛和蛤蜊的壳能保存很久,并能抵御分解作用,但久而久之它们也会慢慢开始变化。
2。 Beads were probably the first durable ornaments that we possessed。 珠子可能是我们最先拥有的耐用的装饰品。
duration[du'rei?n]n。 持续的时间
例句 1。 The middle… and upper…latitude timberlines are strongly influenced by the duration and depth of the snow cover。 中高纬度的树带界线受到积雪的覆盖时间和积雪深度的强烈影响。
2。 An animal usually maintains its own characteristic cycle duration with great precision for many days。 动物通常会将极其精准的具有自身特性的循环时间维持许多天。
dwelling['dweli?]n。 住处
例句 For people in cliff dwellings; hauling water; wood and food to their homes was hard work。 对于住在悬崖上的人们来说,把水、木材和食物运到家中是一项艰难的工作。
efficient[i'fi?nt]a。 有效的,有效率的;能胜任的
搭配 energy efficient 节能的
例句 1。 This friction tends to slow the speed of winds and make them far less efficient at dispersing on airflow。 摩擦力将会降低风速并使分散风流的效率降低。
2。 The camel's abilities to thrive in harsh desert conditions and to carry large loads cheaply made it an effective and efficient means of transportation。 骆驼能在恶劣的沙漠环境中健壮成长,而且能驮沉重的货物,这使它成为了廉价而高效的沙漠运输工具。
3。 The engine eliminated water in the mines by driving efficient pumps; so that it is possible to make deeper and deeper mining。 机车通过操纵高效的泵来排走矿井中的水,从而使采到越来越深的矿产成为可能。
要点 efficient的名词形式是efficiency,主要是指办事的“效率”,“效率高”可以说high efficiency。
同义 effective(a。 有效的)
派生 efficiently(ad。 有效地)
elite[ei'li:t]n。 精英;掌权者;社会名流;实力集团 a。 卓越的;精锐的
例句 1。 Many of the statues are made to be put in the tombs of the elite in order to serve the tomb owners in the afterlife。 许多雕像是要被放进掌权者的坟墓中的,为了在来世侍奉坟墓主人。
2。 The growing power of the elite; who controlled the economy; would not serve as additions to the labor force。 掌控�
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